1. Choose a good site for composting. In order to speed up the fermentation of straw, it is best to choose a place where the wind is leeward and the sun is shining. At the same time, a barrier is placed around the site, which can not only raise the temperature of the environment, but also prevent the scourge of livestock and poultry, ensure the quality of straw compost.
2. Do a good job in the treatment of corn stalk. First of all, corn stalks cut into 3 cm-4 cm section or crushed, but not too broken, and then soaked with human feces or diluted soup of livestock and poultry manure.
3. Proportion of raw materials should be appropriate. The proportion of composted corn stalk fertilizer is very important. Formula is: 7 length of about 3 cm of corn stalks, 2 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 1 part of human urine; or chopped corn stalks: soil: livestock manure: human urine = 6:1:2:1; Or 500 kilograms of chopped corn stalks, 100 kilograms of other crop straw, 100 kilograms of soil, 200 kilograms of livestock manure, 100 kilograms of human manure and urine mixed after composting fermentation. Either way, the ratio of straw to water should be 1:3.
4. Choose the proper stacking method. After the prepared raw materials are thoroughly mixed with sufficient water, they are stacked. For example, when the air temperature is above 0 °C, the temperature can be raised with hot water. When it is below 0 °C, the temperature should be raised by ignition. First, pile a cart of horse manure at the bottom, dig a pit in the middle of the horse manure, put some dry wood in the pit, and light it, and then press about 20 centimeters of other crop straw on it. After seeing the smoke, cover it with a layer of horse manure. When all around the pile is steaming, add the prepared ingredients to the sides of the pile. One can not add too much material, where the steam on where to add raw materials, do not take the steam can not add raw materials. At the same time, to achieve as much as possible heap, in order to speed up the fermentation rate. The height of the pile should generally be about 1.5 meters.
5. Strictly control the temperature in the reactor. Generally in the pile after about 7 days inside the pile began to heat up, and soon will appear high temperature. The temperature should be controlled at 50 °c-60 °C during fermentation, which is the most favorable for cellulolytic bacteria activity. If the temperature exceeds 70 °C, this bacterial activity will stop, so the corn straw must first be soaked in water during composting to soften the straw tissue for microbial decomposition activities, some nutrients must also be dissolved in water before they can be absorbed by microorganisms, which can speed up the fermentation of straw. Should also prevent the temperature is too low to delay fermentation time. In the snow after the timely removal of the pile on the snow, to prevent icing reduce the temperature in the pile.
6. Create conditions for microbial activity. The decomposition process of corn straw fertilizer is the process of microbial decomposition of organic matter, and the speed of straw decomposition is closely related to microbial activity. Therefore, it is necessary to add some human faeces or ammonium bicarbonate properly to adjust the ratio of carbon to nitrogen to promote microbial decomposition activity, and to turn the pile over once after about 10 days, then turn every 7 days once, a total of 3 times-4 times can be. The main function of turning is to mix the raw materials evenly, so that they are heated uniformly, which is conducive to air circulation, to ensure that the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms is accelerated, to promote straw decay, and to shorten the time of retting.
7. Adjust the ph value in time. The microorganisms in the pile are suitable for activity under neutral and slightly alkaline conditions. When the acidity is too high, lime or plant ash can be added in an appropriate amount to neutralize the acidity in the pile and ensure a good living environment for the microorganisms, it takes 25-30 days to reach the quality standard.